OBD-II reference

All 9.533 generic OBD-II codes, explained in detail.

Causes, inspection steps and sources — a comprehensive DIY archive. Created and maintained with love for the detail. Good luck and have fun!

Powertrain generic / SAE

P2531

Ignition Switch Run Position Circuit Low

The ignition switch Run-position input reads stuck low — short to ground or a permanently closed contact. The ECM cannot tell when the operator releases the switch from Run, so accessory and crank logic gets confused.

SystemPowertrain
Typegeneric / SAE
GroupP2
Range / number5 / 31

Possible causes

  • Run input wire shorted to ground high
  • Switch contact stuck closed medium
  • Connector pins corroded - high contact resistance low

Inspection / repair

  • Difficulty: medium
  • DIY: shop recommended
  • Estimated cost: 80–500 €
  • Estimated time: 0.5–2 h
  • Component: ignition switch
  • Component: wiring harness
  • MIL / check engine light

Sources

References

How to read OBD-II codes

The first letter names the vehicle system, the second digit distinguishes generic from manufacturer-specific, the remaining digits group fault area and number.

PPowertrain: engine, transmission, emissions
BBody: chassis trim, comfort, interior
CChassis: suspension, brakes, steering
UNetwork: CAN, control modules, communication