OBD-II reference

All 9.533 generic OBD-II codes, explained in detail.

Causes, inspection steps and sources — a comprehensive DIY archive. Created and maintained with love for the detail. Good luck and have fun!

Powertrain generic / SAE

P0561

System Voltage Unstable

The ECU monitors battery voltage and detects unstable behaviour - rapid fluctuations beyond what current load changes explain. Typical causes are a failing alternator, loose battery terminals, weak battery, or a heavy load (radiator fan, glow plugs, heated screen) drawing voltage down briefly.

SystemPowertrain
Typegeneric / SAE
GroupP0
Range / number5 / 61

Possible causes

  • Alternator regulator failing high
  • Battery weak or terminals loose medium

Inspection / repair

  • Difficulty: medium
  • DIY: possible
  • Estimated cost: 80–800 €
  • Estimated time: 0.5–3 h
  • Component: alternator
  • Component: battery
  • Component: main supply wiring
  • MIL / check engine light

Sources

References

How to read OBD-II codes

The first letter names the vehicle system, the second digit distinguishes generic from manufacturer-specific, the remaining digits group fault area and number.

PPowertrain: engine, transmission, emissions
BBody: chassis trim, comfort, interior
CChassis: suspension, brakes, steering
UNetwork: CAN, control modules, communication